Linyphiidae
Linyphiidae Blackwall, 1859 |
---|
Zwerg-/Baldachinspinnen |
Linyphia triangularis, Weibchen |
Systematik |
Ordnung: Araneae (Webspinnen) |
Weitere Informationen |
LSID WSC: urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spiderfam:0103 |
Typ-Genus: Linyphia Latreille, 1804
Merkmale
Ecribellata; Genitalien komplex; männliche Palpen oft mit U-förmigem Paracymbium; Chelizeren mit zahlreichen Zähnen (Le Peru 2011).
Sehr kleine bis kleine Arten (Körperlänge: 1,5 bis 6 mm). Drei Tarsenklauen, ecribellat und entelegyn. Acht Augen in zwei Reihen. Chelizeren meist mit Stridulationsrillen. Colulus vorhanden. (Jocqué & Dippenaar-Schoeman 2007)
Linyphiidae haben meist einen durchschnittlich gebauten Körper mit leicht längsovalem Pro- und Opisthosoma und mäßig langen, relativ dünnen Beinen. Einige kleine, am Boden lebende Arten sind kompakter gebaut, haben kurze Beine und erinnern dann eher an Kugelspinnen. Andere, große, auffällig gemusterte Arten mit langen Vorderbeinen ähneln Herbstspinnen.
Die meisten Arten der Familie sind klein und unscheinbar. Sie besitzen einen gelb- bis graubraunen oder schwarzen Körper und keine Zeichnung. Nur relativ wenige Arten (z. B. der Gattungen Linyphia oder Neriene) fallen uns als kontrastreich gemusterte Spinnen in ihren großen Netzen auch in der Natur ins Auge.
Lebensweise
Netzkonstruktion und Beutefang
Die größeren Arten legen teilweise auffällige baldachinartige Netze (Trivialname) in der Vegetation an. In diesen Fällen besteht es aus einer in Gebüsch, auf Zweigen oder zwischen niedrigen Pflanzen waagerecht oder leicht kuppelförmig aufgespannten Netzdecke. Von deren Oberseite ziehen zahlreiche vertikale Fäden aufwärts zu darüber liegenden Ästen. Diese Fäden können dichte raumnetzartige Konstruktionen über der Netzdecke bilden. Von der Unterseite ist das Netz durch wenige Fäden mit der Umgebung verknüpft. (Kaestner 1956)
Netz von Linyphia triangularis
Netz von Neriene emphana
Die Spinne läuft auf der Unterseite der Decke und eilt hervor, wenn ein Insekt beim Flug an das obere Fadenhindernis („stopping web“ oder „Absturzfäden“ genannt (Foelix 1996)) gestoßen ist und auf die Decke fällt. Ein Biss der Chelizerenklauen, die durch die Netzdecke geschlagen werden, bringt das zappelnde Opfer in die Gewalt der Spinne. (Kaestner 1956) Die dabei auftretenden Beschädigungen der Netzdecke werden nach dem Fressen wieder ausgebessert. (Foelix 1996)
Sowohl in den Absturzfäden als auch in der Decke konnten Klebefäden nachgewiesen werden, doch dürften diese im Linyphiidennetz eher eine untergeordnete Rolle spielen. (Foelix 1996)
Die kleineren Arten der Familie (früher in einer eigenen Familie oder Unterfamilie Zwergspinnen (Erigonidae) zusammengefasst) bauen zumeist wesentlich kleinere, unscheinbarere Netze, die nur selten (z. B. bei Morgentau zwischen Grashorsten) sichtbar sind. Diese werden dicht über dem Boden, zwischen Laub, Gras oder in Moospolstern angelegt und bestehen nur aus einer wenige Quadratzentimeter großen Netzdecke unter der die Spinne lauert. Die aufwendige Überkonstruktion aus Absturzfäden ist hier stark reduziert.
Bei den Arten der Gattung Tapinopa fehlen Überbau und Unterkonstruktion völlig. Hier ist die Netzdecke zu einer allseits geschlossenen, bei erwachsenen Tieren etwa 5 cm durchmessenden Blase aus feinem pergamentartigem Gespinst geworden. Die sehr kurzbeinige Spinne sitzt kopfüber in dieser Blase und ergreift die Beute mit ihren kräftigen, zahnbewährten Cheliceren von unten durch die Netzdecke.
Eine noch weiter gehende Reduktion des Netzes können wir bei Drapetisca socialis beobachten. Die Art lebt an Baumstämmen auf deren Rinde sie ein flach aufliegendes, sehr feines Gespinst anlegt, welches so unscheinbar ist, dass man es erst vor einigen Jahrzehnten entdeckt hat. Da das Netz weniger Beutefang- als Alarmfunktion zu haben scheint, jagt Drapetisca ihre Beute also im Gegensatz zu den meisten anderen Baldachinspinnen quasi frei. Auch Donacochara speciosa, die auf Schilfblättern lebt, scheint – zumindest als ausgewachsene Spinne – ihre Beute frei und ohne Zuhilfenahme eines Fangnetzes zu erjagen.
Paarung und Brutpflege
Verbreitung
Insbesondere in den gemäßigten Ländern weit verbreitet (Kaestner 1956), aber auch in warmen Ländern vorkommend (Platnick 2013).
Im Gegensatz zu den anderen Spinnenfamilien erreichen die Baldachinspinnen ihr Artenmaximum nicht in den Tropen sondern weiter im Norden, in den gemäßigten Breiten. Sie scheinen besser als alle anderen Spinnengruppen Strategien entwickelt zu haben, mit den kühleren Temperaturen zurechtzukommen. Es gibt unter den Baldachinspinnen sogar etliche Arten, deren Aktivitätsmaximum (Geschlechtsreife, Paarung, Fortpflanzung) im Winter liegen.
Determination
Aufgrund der großen Artenzahl und der Unscheinbarkeit vieler Arten gelten die Linyphiiden insgesamt als schwierige Gruppe. Nur wenige Arten sind so charakteristisch, dass sie allein anhand gut sichtbarer Merkmale bestimmbar sind. Schon für die Bestimmung der Gattung müssen vielfach mikroskopische Merkmale herangezogen werden. Eine wichtige Rolle spielt dabei die Bestachelung der Beine und hier vor allem die Wiehle-Formel (Bestachelungssequenz der Laufbeintibien). Desweiteren können Augenstellung, Trichobothrien, das Sternum und die besonderen Kopfauswüchse der Männchen einiger Arten (Bestimmung nach Kopfformen) aufschlussreich sein.
Eine Bildübersicht der meisten Gattungen Europas gibt es auf der Linyphiidae Bildübersicht.
Gattungen und Verbreitung
In Europa und im Maghreb kommen nach Datenlage dieses Wikis 221 Gattungen der Familie Linyphiidae vor.[A]
Name | NO | SE | FI | IE | GB | GB-NIR | DK | DE | NL | BE | LU | PL | LT | LV | EE | CH | AT | LI | CZ | SK | HU |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abacoproeces | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||
Abiskoa | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||||||
Acartauchenius | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||
Agnyphantes | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||
Agyneta | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
Allomengea | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||
Anguliphantes | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||
Aphileta | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||
Araeoncus | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
Asthenargus | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||
Baryphyma | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||
Bathyphantes | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
Bolephthyphantes | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||||||
Bolyphantes | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |
Canariphantes | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||||||
Caracladus | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||||||
Carorita | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||
Caviphantes | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||||||
Centromerita | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
Centromerus | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
Centrophantes | × | ||||||||||||||||||||
Ceraticelus | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||||||
Ceratinella | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
Cinetata | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||||||||
Cnephalocotes | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |
Collinsia | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||
Cresmatoneta | × | ||||||||||||||||||||
Crosbyarachne | × | ||||||||||||||||||||
Dactylopisthes | × | × | |||||||||||||||||||
Decipiphantes | × | × | × | ||||||||||||||||||
Diastanillus | × | × | |||||||||||||||||||
Dicymbium | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
Diplocentria | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||
Diplocephalus | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
Diplostyla | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
Dismodicus | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
Donacochara | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||
Drapetisca | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
Drepanotylus | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||
Entelecara | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |
Erigone | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
Erigonella | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
Erigonoplus | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||
Estrandia | × | × | × | ||||||||||||||||||
Evansia | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||
Flagelliphantes | × | × | × | ||||||||||||||||||
Floronia | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
Formiphantes | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||||
Frontinellina | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||
Glyphesis | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||
Gnathonarium | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
Gonatium | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
Gongylidiellum | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
Gongylidium | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |
Halorates | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||||||
Helophora | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |
Heterotrichoncus | × | × | × | ||||||||||||||||||
Hilaira | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||
Horcotes | × | × | × | ||||||||||||||||||
Hybauchenidium | × | × | |||||||||||||||||||
Hybocoptus | × | × | |||||||||||||||||||
Hylyphantes | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||
Hypomma | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
Hypselistes | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||
Improphantes | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||
Incestophantes | × | × | × | × | – | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||
Ipa | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||||
Islandiana | × | × | |||||||||||||||||||
Jacksonella | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||
Janetschekia | × | × | × | ||||||||||||||||||
Kaestneria | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
Karita | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||
Kikimora | × | × | |||||||||||||||||||
Kratochviliella | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||||
Labulla | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||
Lasiargus | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||
Lepthyphantes | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
Leptorhoptrum | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||
Leptothrix | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||
Lessertia | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||
Lessertinella | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||||||||||
Linyphia | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
Lophomma | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |
Macrargus | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
Mansuphantes | × | – | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||
Maro | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||
Maso | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
Mecopisthes | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||||
Mecynargus | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||
Megalepthyphantes | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||
Mermessus | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||
Metapanamomops | × | × | × | ||||||||||||||||||
Metopobactrus | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
Micrargus | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
Microctenonyx | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||
Microlinyphia | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
Microneta | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
Midia | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||||||||
Minicia | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |
Minyriolus | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
Mioxena | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||
Moebelia | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |
Monocephalus | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||
Mughiphantes | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||
Mycula | × | × | |||||||||||||||||||
Nematogmus | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||
Neriene | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
Nothophantes | × | ||||||||||||||||||||
Notioscopus | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||
Nusoncus | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||
Obscuriphantes | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||
Oedothorax | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
Oreoneta | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||
Oreonetides | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||
Oryphantes | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||
Ostearius | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||
Palliduphantes | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
Panamomops | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||
Parapelecopsis | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||
Pelecopsis | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
Peponocranium | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||
Piniphantes | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||||
Pityohyphantes | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||
Pocadicnemis | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
Poeciloneta | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||
Porrhomma | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
Praestigia | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||
Prinerigone | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||
Pseudocarorita | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||||
Pseudomaro | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||||||
Saaristoa | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |
Saloca | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||
Satilatlas | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||
Sauron | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||||
Savignia | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||
Scandichrestus | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||||||
Sciastes | × | × | × | ||||||||||||||||||
Scotargus | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||||||||
Scotinotylus | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||||
Semljicola | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||
Silometopus | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
Sintula | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |
Sisicus | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||
Staveleya | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||||
Stemonyphantes | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
Styloctetor | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||
Syedra | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||
Tallusia | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
Tapinocyba | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
Tapinocyboides | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||
Tapinopa | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |
Taranucnus | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||
Tenuiphantes | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
Theonina | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||
Thyreosthenius | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
Tibioploides | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||||||
Tibioplus | × | × | × | ||||||||||||||||||
Tiso | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
Tmeticus | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||
Trematocephalus | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||
Trichoncoides | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||||||
Trichoncus | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||
Trichoncyboides | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||||
Trichopterna | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||
Trichopternoides | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||
Troglohyphantes | × | × | × | – | × | × | |||||||||||||||
Troxochrota | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||||
Troxochrus | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |
Typhochrestus | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
Wabasso | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||||||
Walckenaeria | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
Wiehlea | × | × | × | ||||||||||||||||||
Wiehlenarius | × | × | |||||||||||||||||||
Wubanoides | × | × | |||||||||||||||||||
Zornella | × | × | × | × | × | × |
Name | PT | ES | ES-IB | AD | FR | FRH | IT | IT82 | IT88 | RO | BG | BA | SI | HR | ME | MK | RS | KV | AL | GR | GR-M |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abacoproeces | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||||||
Acartauchenius | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||||
Agnyphantes | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||
Agyneta | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |
Alioranus | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||
Allomengea | × | × | |||||||||||||||||||
Anguliphantes | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||||||
Antrohyphantes | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||||||
Aphileta | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||||||
Araeoncus | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||
Archaraeoncus | × | ||||||||||||||||||||
Asthenargus | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||||
Baryphyma | × | × | |||||||||||||||||||
Bathyphantes | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | – | × | ||||||
Birgerius | × | × | |||||||||||||||||||
Bolephthyphantes | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||||||||||
Bolyphantes | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||
Bordea | × | × | × | ||||||||||||||||||
Canariphantes | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||
Caracladus | × | × | × | ||||||||||||||||||
Caviphantes | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||||||
Centromerita | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||||
Centromerus | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |
Centrophantes | × | ||||||||||||||||||||
Ceratinella | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||
Cinetata | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||
Cnephalocotes | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||||||
Collinsia | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||||||
Cresmatoneta | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||
Crosbyarachne | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||
Dactylopisthes | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||||||
Diastanillus | × | ||||||||||||||||||||
Dicymbium | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||
Didectoprocnemis | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||||||
Diplocentria | × | × | × | ||||||||||||||||||
Diplocephalus | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||
Diplostyla | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||
Dismodicus | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||
Donacochara | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||||
Drapetisca | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||
Drepanotylus | × | × | × | ||||||||||||||||||
Dresconella | × | ||||||||||||||||||||
Entelecara | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||
Erigone | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |
Erigonella | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||||||||||
Erigonoplus | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||
Evansia | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||||||||||
Fageiella | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||||||
Floronia | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||
Formiphantes | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||||||||||
Frontinellina | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
Glyphesis | × | × | × | ||||||||||||||||||
Gnathonarium | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||
Gonatium | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||
Gongylidiellum | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||
Gongylidium | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||||
Halorates | × | × | |||||||||||||||||||
Helophora | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||
Heterotrichoncus | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||||||
Hilaira | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||||||||||
Hybocoptus | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||||
Hylyphantes | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||
Hypomma | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||
Iberoneta | × | ||||||||||||||||||||
Icariella | × | ||||||||||||||||||||
Improphantes | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||
Incestophantes | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||||||
Ipa | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||
Jacksonella | × | × | |||||||||||||||||||
Janetschekia | × | × | × | ||||||||||||||||||
Kaestneria | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||||||||
Kratochviliella | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||||||
Labulla | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||||||
Lasiargus | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||||||
Lepthyphantes | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||
Leptorhoptrum | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||||||
Leptothrix | × | × | × | ||||||||||||||||||
Lessertia | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||
Lessertinella | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||||||
Linyphia | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
Lophomma | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||||||
Macrargus | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||
Maculoncus | × | × | |||||||||||||||||||
Mansuphantes | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||
Maro | × | × | |||||||||||||||||||
Maso | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||
Mecopisthes | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||
Mecynargus | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||||||||||
Megalepthyphantes | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||
Mermessus | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||||
Metopobactrus | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||
Micrargus | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||
Microctenonyx | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||
Microlinyphia | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |
Microneta | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||
Midia | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||||||
Minicia | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||
Minyriolus | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||
Mioxena | × | × | × | ||||||||||||||||||
Moebelia | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||||
Monocephalus | × | × | × | ||||||||||||||||||
Mughiphantes | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||||||
Mycula | × | ||||||||||||||||||||
Nematogmus | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||
Neriene | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |
Notioscopus | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||||
Nusoncus | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||||||
Obscuriphantes | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||
Oedothorax | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||
Oreoneta | × | × | × | ||||||||||||||||||
Oreonetides | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||||||||||
Oryphantes | × | × | × | ||||||||||||||||||
Ostearius | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||
Ouedia | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||||||||
Palliduphantes | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |
Panamomops | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||||||||
Parapelecopsis | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||||
Pecado | × | ||||||||||||||||||||
Pelecopsis | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||
Peponocranium | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||||
Piniphantes | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||||||||
Pityohyphantes | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||||
Plaesianillus | × | × | |||||||||||||||||||
Pocadicnemis | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||
Poeciloneta | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||||||
Porrhomma | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||
Prinerigone | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||
Pseudomaro | × | × | |||||||||||||||||||
Saaristoa | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||
Saloca | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||||
Satilatlas | × | ||||||||||||||||||||
Sauron | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||
Savignia | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||||||
Sciastes | × | × | |||||||||||||||||||
Scotargus | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||
Scotinotylus | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||||
Scutpelecopsis | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||||
Semljicola | × | × | |||||||||||||||||||
Silometopus | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||
Sintula | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||
Sisicus | × | ||||||||||||||||||||
Staveleya | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||
Stemonyphantes | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||
Styloctetor | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||
Syedra | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||||
Tallusia | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||
Tapinocyba | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||
Tapinocyboides | × | × | × | ||||||||||||||||||
Tapinopa | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||
Taranucnus | × | × | |||||||||||||||||||
Tenuiphantes | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
Thaumatoncus | × | × | × | ||||||||||||||||||
Theonina | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||
Thyreosthenius | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||||||
Tiso | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||
Tmeticus | × | × | × | ||||||||||||||||||
Trematocephalus | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||||
Trichoncoides | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||
Trichoncus | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||
Trichoncyboides | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||||||||||
Trichopterna | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||
Trichopternoides | × | × | |||||||||||||||||||
Troglohyphantes | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||
Troxochrota | × | ||||||||||||||||||||
Troxochrus | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||
Turinyphia | × | × | |||||||||||||||||||
Typhlonyphia | × | ||||||||||||||||||||
Typhochrestus | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||
Walckenaeria | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||
Walckenaerianus | × | ||||||||||||||||||||
Wiehlea | × | × | |||||||||||||||||||
Wiehlenarius | × | × |
Legende/Legend
? | Checkliste nicht verfügbar | No checklist available |
---|---|---|
× | Gattungsvorkommen bekannt | Genus documented |
(×) | Gattungsvorkommen bekannt, keine Art etabliert | Genus documented, no species established |
– | Gattungsvorkommen bekannt, alle Arten gestrichen | Genus documented, all species removed from list |
Checkliste enthält Gattung nicht | Checklist consulted, but genus not found | |
Hinweise zur Nutzung der Tabellen: Die Spalten können durch Anklicken des Landeskürzels markiert werden. Durch einen zweiten Klick wird diese Markierung wieder gelöscht. |
Weitere Gattungen
Weitere Gattungen, die jedoch nicht in Europa vorkommen:
- Acorigone
- Canariellanum
- Frontiphantes
- Sibirocyba (Sibirocyba incerta, Russland)
Quellen
- Foelix RF (1996): Biology of Spiders. Oxford Thieme. 2. Auflage. ISBN 0-19-509594-4, 330 S.
- Jocqué R & Dippenaar-Schoeman A (2007): Spider Families of the World. Royal Museum of Central Africa. ISBN 978-90-74752-11-4, 336 S.
- Kaestner A (1956): Lehrbuch der Speziellen Zoologie, Teil 1: Wirbellose. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena. 3 Auflage, S. 603–616.
- Le Peru B (2011): The Spiders of Europe, a synthesis of data: Atypidae to Theridiidae. Mémoires de la Sociétés linnéenne de Lyon no. 2. 1 Auflage. ISBN 978-2-9531930-3-9, 523 S.
- Platnick NI (2013): The World Spider Catalog, Version 13.5. The American Museum of Natural History.
Quellen der Nachweise
- Bolzern A, Hänggi A, Kropf C & Frick H (2005): Erstnachweis von Maro lehtineni Saaristo, 1971 für die Schweiz (Arachnida, Araneae). Mitteilungen der schweizerischen entomologischen Gesellschaft 78, S. 165–172.
- Løvbrekke H (2018): Auftreten von Mermessus trilobatus in Norwegen.
- Nentwig W, Blick T, Bosmans R, Gloor D, Hänggi A & Kropf C (2020): Spinnen Europas. Online https://www.araneae.nmbe.ch (automatisch synchronisiert), doi:10.24436/1.