Theridiidae
| Theridiidae Sundevall, 1833 |
|---|
| Kugelspinnen |
| Augenstellung am Beispiel Enoplognatha ovata |
| Systematik |
| Ordnung: Araneae (Webspinnen) |
| Weitere Informationen |
| LSID WSC: urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spiderfam:0099 |
Merkmale
Drei Tarsalklauen, kein Cribellum, acht Augen in zwei Reihen, wobei sich die äußeren Augen beider Reihen berühren (siehe Foto), entelegyn (Jocqué R & Dippenaar-Schoeman 2007). Die Augenstellung ist allerdings kein Unterscheidungsmerkmal zur Abgrenzung von anderen Familien.
Im Regelfall ist der Hinterleib kugelförmig. Es gibt aber auch Ausnahmen, wie beispielsweise Episinus angulatus.
Familie
Theridiidae ist eine große Familie, welche weltweit 98 Gattungen mit insgesamt 2288 Arten umfasst. (World Spider Catalog 2020)
Kugelspinnen nannte man früher auch Büschelsnetzspinnen ( 1910). Ebenso ist der Name „Haubennetzspinnen” gebräuchlich.
Gattungen und Verbreitung
In Europa und im Maghreb kommen nach Datenlage dieses Wikis 48 Gattungen der Familie Theridiidae vor.[A]
| Name | NO | SE | FI | IE | GB | GB-NIR | DK | DE | NL | BE | LU | PL | LT | LV | EE | CH | AT | LI | CZ | SK | HU |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achaeridion | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||||
| Anelosimus | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||
| Asagena | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
| Canalidion | × | × | × | ||||||||||||||||||
| Carniella | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||||||||||
| Chrysso | × | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Coleosoma | (×) | × | × | (×) | × | (×) | (×) | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||
| Crustulina | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |
| Cryptachaea | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||
| Dipoena | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||
| Enoplognatha | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
| Episinus | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
| Euryopis | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
| Hadrotarsus | (×) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Heterotheridion | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||||||||
| Kochiura | × | × | × | × | (×) | × | × | × | |||||||||||||
| Lasaeola | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||
| Latrodectus | (×) | (×) | (×) | (×) | (×) | (×) | (×) | (×) | |||||||||||||
| Meotipa | (×) | (×) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Neottiura | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
| Nesticodes | × | (×) | (×) | × | × | ||||||||||||||||
| Ohlertidion | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||
| Paidiscura | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||
| Parasteatoda | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
| Pholcomma | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
| Phoroncidia | × | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Phycosoma | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||
| Phylloneta | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
| Platnickina | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
| Robertus | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
| Rugathodes | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||
| Sardinidion | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||
| Simitidion | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
| Steatoda | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
| Theonoe | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||
| Theridion | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
| Theridula | × | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Thymoites | × | × | × | ||||||||||||||||||
| Tidarren | (×) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Yunohamella | × | × | × |
| Name | PT | ES | ES-IB | AD | FR | FRH | IT | IT82 | IT88 | RO | BG | BA | SI | HR | ME | MK | RS | KV | AL | GR | GR-M |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achaeridion | × | × | |||||||||||||||||||
| Anatolidion | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||
| Anelosimus | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||
| Argyrodes | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||
| Asagena | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |
| Carniella | × | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Chrysso | × | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Coleosoma | × | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Coscinida | × | × | × | ||||||||||||||||||
| Crustulina | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||
| Cryptachaea | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||
| Dipoena | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |
| Enoplognatha | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
| Episinus | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||
| Euryopis | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||
| Heterotheridion | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||
| Kochiura | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||
| Lasaeola | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||
| Latrodectus | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||
| Neospintharus | × | × | |||||||||||||||||||
| Neottiura | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||
| Nesticodes | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||||||
| Ohlertidion | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||||||||||
| Paidiscura | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||
| Parasteatoda | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |
| Pholcomma | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||
| Phoroncidia | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||||||||
| Phycosoma | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||
| Phylloneta | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||
| Platnickina | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |
| Rhomphaea | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||
| Robertus | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
| Ruborridion | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||||||
| Rugathodes | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||||||||
| Sardinidion | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||
| Simitidion | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||
| Steatoda | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
| Theonoe | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||||||||||
| Theridion | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
| Theridula | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||||||||
| Tidarren | × |
| Name | UA | BY | MD | RU-KGD | RU-RUW | RU-RUC | RU-RUE | RU-RUN | RU-RUS | TR-EUR | TR-ASI | CY | AM | AZ | GE | MA | DZ | TN | LY | EG | MT |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achaeridion | × | × | |||||||||||||||||||
| Anatolidion | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||||||
| Anelosimus | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||
| Argyrodes | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||
| Asagena | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||
| Canalidion | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||||||
| Chrysso | – | × | × | ||||||||||||||||||
| Coleosoma | × | × | |||||||||||||||||||
| Coscinida | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||||||||||
| Crustulina | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||
| Cryptachaea | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||||||
| Dipoena | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||
| Dipoenata | × | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Enoplognatha | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
| Episinus | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||
| Euryopis | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |
| Heterotheridion | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||||
| Kochiura | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||
| Lasaeola | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||
| Latrodectus | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||
| Neospintharus | × | × | |||||||||||||||||||
| Neottiura | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||
| Nesticodes | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||||||||||
| Ohlertidion | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||||||||||
| Paidiscura | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||
| Parasteatoda | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||
| Pholcomma | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||||
| Phoroncidia | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||||
| Phycosoma | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||
| Phylloneta | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||
| Platnickina | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||
| Rhomphaea | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||||
| Robertus | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||
| Ruborridion | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||||||
| Rugathodes | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||||||||
| Sardinidion | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||||||||||
| Simitidion | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | ||||
| Steatoda | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × |
| Theonoe | × | × | × | × | × | × | |||||||||||||||
| Theridion | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | |
| Theridula | × | × | × | ||||||||||||||||||
| Thwaitesia | × | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Thymoites | × | × | |||||||||||||||||||
| Tidarren | × | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Yunohamella | × | × | × | × |
Legende/Legend
| ? | Checkliste nicht verfügbar | No checklist available |
|---|---|---|
| × | Gattungsvorkommen bekannt | Genus documented |
| (×) | Gattungsvorkommen bekannt, keine Art etabliert | Genus documented, no species established |
| – | Gattungsvorkommen bekannt, alle Arten gestrichen | Genus documented, all species removed from list |
| Checkliste enthält Gattung nicht | Checklist consulted, but genus not found | |
| Hinweise zur Nutzung der Tabellen: Die Spalten können durch Anklicken des Landeskürzels markiert werden. Durch einen zweiten Klick wird diese Markierung wieder gelöscht. |
||
Weitere Gattungen
Weitere Gattungen, die jedoch nicht in Europa vorkommen:
Netzbau
Die Netze weisen in der Regel einen Unterschlupf (z. B. Phylloneta sisyphia oder Parasteatoda tepidariorum) auf, oder die Spinne verbirgt sich im Randbereich des Netzes (z. B. Steatoda bipunctata, S. albomaculata und S. grossa).
Weblinks
Quellen
- Jocqué R & Dippenaar-Schoeman A (2007): Spider Families of the World. Royal Museum of Central Africa. ISBN 978-90-74752-11-4, 336 S.
- World Spider Catalog (2020): World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern, online auf http://wsc.nmbe.ch, doi:10.24436/2.
- Dahl, F. (1910): Anleitung zu zoologischen Beobachtungen. Verlag von Quelle & Meyer in Leipzig, 1-152.
Quellen der Nachweise
- Grabolle A (2014): Erstnachweis Steatoda trianguloides Levy, 1991 auf Sardinien (Italien). wiki.spinnen-forum.de, 1 S.
- Nentwig W, Blick T, Bosmans R, Gloor D, Hänggi A & Kropf C (2020): Spinnen Europas. Online https://www.araneae.nmbe.ch (automatisch synchronisiert), doi:10.24436/1.
- Rahşen SK, Kunt KB, Marusik YM & Yağmur EA (2010): The first record of genus Argyrodes Simon, 1864 (Araneae: Theridiidae) from Turkey. Serket Vol. 12(1), S. 7–12.